The mixture is slowly stirred to induce particles to clump together into flocs. This can take place spontaneously or may be brought about by adding clarifying agents. The safety hazards an operator may encounter when operating a coagulationflocculation process include. The key difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment is that the coagulation is a chemical process while flocculation is a physical process. Improving the efficiency of a coagulationflocculation. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. In a second experiment, river water ph was adjusted at different phs between 4. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process in which colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent.
Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. The term is also used to refer to the process by which fine particulates are caused to clump together into floc. Safe drinking water is essential coagulationflocculation. Flocculation is also known as coagulation and agglomeration. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Pdf comparative study between flocculationcoagulation. On the interface between the strenlayer and the diffuse layer there is. Emerson water is clarified using the processes of coagulation and flocculation, which remove suspended solids turbidity from water by causing the suspended particles to aggregate into a slime, that settles out of the water. What is the exact differences between coagulation and. Both processes involve the union of different suspended particles together.
During coagulation, cations are added as coagulants at corresponding ph and dosage to treat water, thus, disturbing existing stability due to the repulsive forces between the negatively charged colloidal particles in water 6. Another type of tanks combine between flocculation and sedimentation in one tank and called solid contact flocculator clarifier. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. Coagulation and flocculation tu delft opencourseware. A jar test simulates the coagulation and flocculation processes fill the jars with raw water sample 500 or ml usually 6 jars adjust ph of the jars while mixing using h 2 so 4 or naohlime ph. This present study evaluated the effectiveness of coagulation, flocculation, and. In addition to removing turbidity from the water, coagulation and flocculation process removes many bacteria which are suspended in the water and can be used to.
Coagulation or flocculation process was conducted for the treatment of industrial wastewater to achieve maximum removal of cod, tp and tss. Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation youtube. Colloidal particles colloids are midway in size1 between dissolved solids and. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. Coagulationthe transformation of liquid into jelly like semisolid mass. The effect of fast mixing conditions on the coagulation. Dec 10, 2017 the key difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment is that the coagulation is a chemical process while flocculation is a physical process. The floc may float to the top or settle to the bottom of the liquid, as well can be readily. In a system that promotes flocculation, there is no cake formation because all flocs are suspended. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Azizi1 1 american university of beirut, beirut, riad elsolh1107 2020, lebanon. Coagulation is a process to neutralize charges and then to form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. Flocculation and dispersion phenomena in soils springerlink.
Near the border of the particle there is a chargefree space, called the sternlayer. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation scribd. The coagulationflocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Results from related work in the wastewater flocculation field are encouraging. Charge neutralization mechanism efficiency in water with. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. On the other hand, if the mixing time is too short, the collisions between the flocculants and colloids are not efficient to precipitate suspended solids in wastewater. This is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. Enhanced treatment of ceramictile industry wastewater was investigated by modified coagulationflocculation process using combination of. The process of agglomeration of the destabilized particles to such a size that separation by sedimentation and filtration is possible. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste water.
The difference in peak occurrence from fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy. Coagulation and flocculation anup ghimire, rock face limited 2. Mar 31, 2016 3312016 2 why coagulation and flocculation. Optimization and economic evaluation of modified coagulation. Flocculation is the process of creating conditions for particulates to come together to form flocs of solids and then settle in treated water. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. Oct 23, 2017 flocculation is a process in chemistry wherein colloids are extracted from suspensions which then take the form of flake or floc. Coagulation, flocculation and agglutination are terms that usually cause confusion. Earthen jars used to store water it is good to keep water in copper vessels, to expose it to sunlight and. Measurement tools for coagulation and flocculation. A brief teaching video for completing assignment 1 use earphone for better audio. Coagulation and flocculation coagulation and flocculationconsist of adding a flocforming chemical reagent to a water to enmesh or combine with nonsettleable colloidal solids and slowsettling suspended solids to produce a rapidsettling floc.
Flocculationflocculation refers to a process where a solute comes out of solution in the form of floc or flakes. Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l. This technique is used in treating wastewater, both industrial and treated sewage, from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Various sizes of particles in raw water particle diameter mm type settling velocity 10 pebble 0. Start studying coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration.
The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended in a liquid and not actually dissolved in a solution. The coagulation flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. In conventional coagulation flocculation sedimentation, a coagulant is added to the source water to create an attraction among the suspended particles. The floc is subsequently removed in most cases by sedimentation. Pdf coagulationflocculation process for produced water. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Download the pdf version of coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. It is specific to each application and is dependent upon the sample, the coagulation and flocculation agents used, the desired clarity of the water, and the waters end use. An evident difference between the adsorptive and precipitation.
Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation coalescence. Coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes. Apr 21, 2007 coagulation the transformation of liquid into jelly like semisolid mass. Coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes could be a reliable.
What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation free download as word doc. Once the ph adjusted, the same treatment of coagulation as above was used and initial and final absorbance and turbidity were measured. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. The results of this study showed that the pda instrument is an important tool in coagulation kinetic studies and can be employed as an additional tool in the optimization of coagulation conditions. Collodialcharacteristics colloidaldispersions solidsdispersedin liquids sols e. The mixture is slowly stirred to induce particles to clump. Removal of precipitates coagulation rapid chemical mix destabilization of suspended particles flocculation slow mix particle collision and growth. At a lower ph acidic condition, there was a significant difference in the. Coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment coagulation is an important step in. This enables their removal by sedimentation, dissolved air flotation or filtration. Microscale flocculation the flocculation of small particles less than 0.
The term originates from the word floc, which is the flake of precipitate that comes out of solution. The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size, shape, and density. The rate of flocculation is relative to the rate at which the particles diffuse. Water is clarified using the processes of coagulation and flocculation, which remove suspended solids turbidity from water by causing the suspended particles to aggregate into a slime, that settles out of the water. During coagulation, the coagulantalum are added to destabilize the surface charge of particles. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape. Similarities between coagulation and flocculation in.
Coagulation is the step where colloidal par ticles similar t o spheres of a diameter of less than 1 micrometer are destabilized. They have explained the correlation between particle size. Jul 25, 2018 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. During flocculation, the solution is mixed gently, providing time and energy so the clumps will gather together and form larger clumps. Thus, the flocculation rate is not optimum under this condition.
Pdf in this study is present the advantages and disadvantages of the use of different type of coagulants and flocculants for industrial. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Hydrophobic colloids are charged particles surrounded by a cloud of opposite and equally charged ions g. Ppt coagulation and flocculation linkedin slideshare. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. In flocculation one can make a distinction between perikinetic and. The safety hazards an operator may encounter when operating a coagulation flocculation process include. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Pdf on mar 1, 2018, gislayne alves oliveira and others published comparison between coagulationflocculation and ozoneflotation for scenedesmus microalgal biomolecule recovery and nutrient. Its a preference in the primary purification processes due to its simplicity operation, efficient and cheap. After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment.
Coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment coagulation is an important step in water treatment which involves the addition of a coagulant to enhance the. Coagulation and flocculation provide the water treatment process by which finely divided suspended and colloidal matter in the water is made to agglomerate and form flocs. Coagulation of ppme was studied previously using inorganic coagulants. Most water treatment practices including coagulation, flocculation and clarification, date back hundreds and in some cases thousands of years. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Coagulationflocculationjar test marmara universitesi. The prevailing mechanism is thus adsorptive coagulation.
Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems in conventional coagulationflocculationsedimentation, a coagulant is added to the source water to create an attraction among the suspended particles. Coagulation and flocculation of industrial wastewater by. This aggregation is called microscale flocculation or. Flocculation is gentle stirring or agitation to encourage. The optimum ph for the coagulation and flocculation process must be determined experimentally. Optimization of coagulationflocculation process with aluminum sulfate based on response 79 collection of tools in design or data analysis that enhance the exploration of a region of design variables in one ore more dimensions 3. Their objective is to enhance the separation of particulate species in downstream processes such as sedimentation and filtration. Coagulation is a process of making colloidal matter dispersedsuspended in a liquid to join in a coherent mass. Flocculation process during which particles, for example, of a soil, dispersed in a solution contact and adhere each another, forming clusters, flocks, flakes, or clumps of a larger size. The primary purpose of the coagulation and flocculation is to destabilize the charged colloidal particles in water and make them to settle so as to remove turbidity from the water. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water.
Ene 806 project report 2 coagulation and flocculation. A comprehensive study on floc characterization and coagulant. In the flocculated system, there is no formation of. Coagulation and flocculation constitute the backbone processes in most water and advanced wastewater treatment plants. Flocculation flocculation refers to a process where a solute comes out of solution in the form of floc or flakes. During coagulation, chemicals are added to make particles clump together. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Main difference coagulation vs flocculation coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water. This aggregation is called microscale flocculation or perikinetic flocculation. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. However, they can be commonly adopted for destabilizing any suspension system. Pdf comparison between coagulationflocculation and. Coagulation flocculation is a widelyused process in industrial wastewater treatment.
The present study aims to treat a sample of sea water for the removal of impurities by various coagulants such as alum, ferric chloride and. Flocculation is used for water purification, and can even be used to extract certain corrosive elements from water. Nov 09, 2018 coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes. Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles.
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